Jazz Music And Its Influence On The Music - 3105 Words

Jazz music as we know it today has evolved since the early twentieth century. Its’ evolution is due to the influence of many different players who have added their own styles, interpretations and techniques. Two masters of Jazz who have been a big influence on the music are cornet and trumpet player, Louis Armstrong, and piano player, band leader and arranger, Duke Ellington. Each came from different socio-economic and geographical backgrounds, but both became masters of their trade, reached worldwide fame and became legends of the music. There is much legend attached to the story of Louis Armstrong, this is mainly due to the fact that Louis was quite liberal with the truth of his beginnings and often contradicted his own stories. If we were to take his word for it, Louis was born Daniel Louis Armstrong in James Alley, on the fourth of July, 1900. However, by piecing together what little facts are known, it can be proved that he was not given the name Daniel, nor was he born o n the first American Independence Day nor was he born in James Alley. It is still difficult to state with any certainty an accurate date for Louis’ birth. To quote one source â€Å"It has now been discovered that he was actually born on 4 August 1901† and another source states â€Å"The evidence, then, suggests an 1898 birthdate.† The reason why we do not have accurate records of his birth is because at the time he was born, black people had sunken back into illiteracy – Louis’ mother could read and writeShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Jazz Music2019 Words   |  9 PagesJazz is one of few purely American art forms. Its creation came out of the southern United States and the social conditions associated with the relationship between the white and African American communities there (Larson 1). African American musicians in particular were the key proponents in the development of jazz in the early 20th century. The creation and shaping of jazz mus ic came from a combination of the musical styles of spirituals, the blues, ragtime, and Western European classical musicRead MoreAmerica s Original Music Form : The Influence Of Jazz2552 Words   |  11 PagesAmerican Literature 1 April 2015 America’s Original Music Form: The Influence of Jazz The creation of jazz at face value is normally credited to the minorities in the United States, mainly the African Americans, but was modified and adapted to be culturally and socially acceptable to the middle and upper classes of white Americans. While the jazz movement was eventually dominated by the middle class white population in the US, the conception of this music form was influenced and inspired by African traditionsRead MoreBlues and Jazz Influence Paper1698 Words   |  7 Pages The Influence of 1920 Blues and Jazz on Modern Music Mark Carter The Influence of 1920 Blues and Jazz on Modern Music This paper is will try to show how the music that started with singing of old songs by the slaves to influences the music that the world listens to today. Shaping the music of Rock and Roll, Country and Western, and Easy Listening that influences every aspect of society’s everyday life are Blues and Jazz. In an interview many years ago on television, heard by thisRead MoreIts All About Jazz Fusion807 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"It’s All About Jazz Fusion† Of the jazz styles studied in this module, I prefer jazz-rock-fusion. I enjoy listening to this style of jazz because it creates a rock mood by its different melodies, complex rhythms, tones and harmonies. Jazz –fusion, â€Å"melds rock rhythms and the use of electronic instruments with collective improvisation† (Ferris). Jazz music in general is mostly improvised music, so its melody is an interesting element to its listeners. I feel that being a jazz musician has toRead MoreEssay on Ragtime and Blues Influence on Jazz1377 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 14, 2011 Seeing Ragtime and Blues as Parents of Jazz Jazz is a music genre that has complex characteristics and history of development and thus many musicians and scholars face troubles in defining what jazz is. In general, jazz is believed to have born in New Orleans. Jazz developed for the pleasure of the social dancers. According to the â€Å"Understanding Jazz: What Is Jazz?† of John F. Kennedy center for the Performing Arts, Jazz was created mainly by Afro-Americans, and had elements ofRead MoreMusic is an art that has been in this world for tens of thousands of years and has proven its900 Words   |  4 PagesMusic is an art that has been in this world for tens of thousands of years and has proven its abilities to bring people together and sometimes even make people happy. Although the jazz era ended almost a century ago, this time influenced by Louis Armstrong was a huge cultural shift that still remains in our society in which African-Americans are a vast part of our music industry amongst pop, rap, reggae, and more. Jazz was a unique form of music, there had never been anything like it before. ItRead MoreThe Ragtime And The Blues1184 Words   |  5 Pagesthe blues were essential and influential in their contributions to the development of jazz. Together, they served as the primary predecessors to the later, more complicated genre. Key elements from each brand are incorporated and mixed to create jazz. Without the creative geniuses of ragtime such as Scott Jopin and James Reese Europe and Blues propagators W.C. Hady and Robert Johnson, the distinctive genre of jazz would not have emerged. Ragtime and blues are both unique in their respective stylesRead MoreAfrican Americans Influence On Music1229 Words   |  5 Pagesblack culture represented in most hip-hop; that is the dominating music genre that expresses African American views. It’s not so easy to remember where African Americans influence on music al began. Black influence on music today is really unrecognized but it’s impor tant to bring to light just how much African Americans really have contributed to the sound, style, and feel of today’s music. Not just hip-hop or rap, but all kinds of music. There was one particular sound that really changed America andRead MoreLouis Armstrong And Jazz Age1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920s was known as the Jazz Age, Francis Scott Fitzgerald said â€Å"it was an age of miracles, it was an age of art, it was an age of excess, and it was an age of satire. Music also plays a big role in The Great Gatsby. One singer that was popular in the 1920s was Louis Armstrong he was known as the King of Jazz. Louis Armstrong was born on August 4, 1901 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Armstrong was born and raised in New Orleans he was the son of a prostitute and an absent father. Louis ArmstrongRead MoreRagtime And Blues : The History And Their Influence On Jazz1581 Words   |  7 PagesRagtime and Blues: The History and Their Influence on Jazz In the city of New Orleans, from parades to clubs and from weddings to funerals, one element usually remained constant throughout all these events: the music that permeated the air. At most of these occasions, a band often performed as entertainment, providing many opportunities for musicians in the area to work. By the early 20th century, due to various factors such as mix of ethnicities and cultures with syncopated musical styles influenced

Sleep Deprivation of College Students - 1182 Words

Sleep Deprivation of college students It is 11:30 in the morning and the lecture started half an hour ago. The classroom is still half empty. Although half of the class is here, they don’t look like awake. Most of them look like zombies. The above scenario is a common condition taken place in colleges. A research done by Tsui,YY, et al (2009) shows that two thirds of the participating students reported sleep deprivation. The poor sleep quality results in their zombie looks and poor attendants in lectures. Causes of Sleep deprivation Deprival of sleep strongly affects college students’ studies and personal life. Why would students have sleep deprivation? There are two main causes. Change in lifestyle First of all, the change in†¦show more content†¦Nonetheless, this is not an excuse to become an all-nighter. The suggestion for them to have a nice night sleep is relax! If there is a lot in their mind, including school works, relationships, jobs and the like, it is hard to fall asleep. Students can jot down the things on their mind and then forget about it! If there is a noise problem, students may try to use a white-noise machine to block the noise from the resident hall. â€Å"Sleep helps repair your body, reduce stress, improve memory, and keep you healthy. Lack of sleep can literally affect every aspect of your life. â€Å" (Sheehan, Unseth and Xiong, 2010, P.2) After knowing all those bad impacts of sleep deprivation, students should get away your bad habit of staying up late and oversleeping considering having a better health. Let’s change the lifestyle and maintain a healthy life! References Dean, K., Lowry, M., Manders, K. (2010). The link between sleep quantity and academic performance for the college student. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota. Retrieved from https://www.psych.umn.edu/sentience/files/Lowry_2010.pdf Melnick, M. (2010, September 2). Lack of sleep linked with depression, weight gain and even death. Times. Retrieved from http://healthland.time.com/2010/09/02/lack-of-sleep-can-cause-depression-weight-gain-and-even-death/ Sheehan, E., Unseth, T., Xiong, M. (2010). Sleep deprivation of college students in western. Retrieved fromShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreSleep Deprivation of College Students1197 Words   |  5 PagesSleep Deprivation of college students It is 11:30 in the morning and the lecture started half an hour ago. The classroom is still half empty. Although half of the class is here, they don’t look like awake. Most of them look like zombies. The above scenario is a common condition taken place in colleges. A research done by Tsui,YY, et al (2009) shows that two thirds of the participating students reported sleep deprivation. The poor sleep quality results in their zombie looks and poor attendantsRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1125 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Sleep deprivation in college students General purpose: Inform classmates of the importance of sleep  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Specific Purpose: State the consequences of not getting enough sleep Thesis Statement: When the projects, exams, and extra-curricular activities start to pile up on one another it seems as though there is not enough time in the day.   This is when college students tend to lose precious hours of sleep and the consequences can be costly. Organizational Pattern: topical       I. IntroductionRead MoreSleep Deprivation On College Students1468 Words   |  6 PagesSleep Deprivation in College Students According to the Google definition, sleep is a condition of body and mind such as that which typically recurs for several hours every night. While the nervous system is relatively inactive, the eyes close, the postural muscles relax, and consciousness is practically suspended. It has been proven by researchers at sleepfoundation.org that one of the vital roles of sleep is to help us solidify our memories. As we go about our day, our brains take in an incredibleRead MoreEssay on Sleep Deprivation in College Students1144 Words   |  5 Pagesto ask them what the cause of their restlessness was, the popular statement would be a lack of sleep. However, most would not dare to think that a lack of sleep could cause multiple issues in everyday life. This problem has been seen to peak during the good ole college days. It is hard to imagine that those days of all-night cramming sessions and those late nights partying causing students to be sleep deprived could lead to a variety of problems like stress, long term insomnia, and a weakened immuneRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep deprivation is a frequent obstacle that many college students in America face. Insomnia in college students can have an immense impact on psychological and physical health, which greatly influence academic success. Research shows that 70% of college students qualify as sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation has also been linked with several diseases/disorders, including: depression, anxiety, and obesity. Our research question investigated how sleep deprivation in college students affectsRead MoreSleep Deprivation Among College Students1146 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Sleep deprivation among college students. Specific Purpose: To persuade my peers to get a sufficient amount of sleep. Central Idea: Sleep deprivation among college students can lead to poor performance and health problems, so finding ways to sleep more can help improve your sleeping habits. INTRODUCTION Attention-getter: Think of this scenario. It is Thursday night. You have an English paper due the next day at 9:00 in the morning and you have barely even thought about what your topic shouldRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On College Students1217 Words   |  5 Pages Although acquiring the basic amount of sleep seems to be an easy task, college students are struggling to snag even a couple hours of sleep, thus significantly affecting their four domains of development during a crucial developmental period in their lives. College students are going through the development period, Emerging Adulthood, which is from the ages of 18 to 25 years old. During this period of time, adolescents tend to focus on their self-development and discover their identity and the fourRead MoreSpeech On Sleep Deprivation And College Students1305 Words   |  6 PagesDilan Behrle Topic: Sleep Deprivation Organization: Topically Specific Purpose: Sleep and college students usually don’t tend to get along very well. Sleep and college life often bump heads due to stress, coursework and social activities. This speech will give the students useful information about dangers of not getting enough sleep and also hints on how to get a better nights sleep. INTRODUCTION A. Attention Getter: Did you know 40% of Americans or (100 million people) are moderatelyRead MoreEssay On Sleep Deprivation In College Students794 Words   |  4 PagesSleep Deprivation in College Students College students all over America struggle with one consistent problem: sleep deprivation. As one may have guessed, it is one of the main complaints heard coming from most young adults. There are many things that are known to cause sleep deprivation, especially when it comes to college life. Between keeping up grades and maintaining a social life, it is difficult for students to stay well rested. According to â€Å"Causes and Consequences of Sleepiness Among College

A Leader Of Large Scale Boycotts On British Goods

Although a leader of large-scale boycotts on British goods, Founding Father Thomas Jefferson had no problem drinking afternoon tea while gazing through newly-imported British glass windows in his mansion at Monticello. Actions like these, along with many others, exhibited the emergence of contradicting cultural development in the early-half of the 18th century: the continuation of closeness to English society, and the steady distancing of the American colonists from the British. For the majority of the 18th century, colonial America sprouted shocking ideas of the power of the individual through events like the Great Awakening and Enlightenment, and the emergence of unique opinions like the Whig ideology. However, the colonists continued to†¦show more content†¦The theories proposed by the Enlightenment produced doubt of King’s ultimate authority as well as interpretations of God’s word. The colonials began to believe in their right to discover aspects of their world and religion on their own term, not as their duty to the King. Nash also argues that the Awakening nurtured a subtle change in values that translated into daily life. The â€Å"revival experience† being shared in â€Å"New Light† churches created a feeling of self-worth among the people that gave them the confidence to take responsibility in religious affairs and question traditional authority (Nash 64). The new sense of independence, brought by the Great Awakening, gave the colonists the idea of â€Å"self-authority† and the ability to make choices against the predetermined laws set upon them by British rule. In turn, they distanced themselves from the Britons through the mutation of their personal beliefs. Similarly, the Enlightenment gave the colonists a feeling of individual power. Brinkley states, â€Å"†¦the Enlightenment encouraged men and women to look to themselves-not to God-for guidance as to how to live their lives and shape society. Enli ghtenment

The Dependence On Futility An Analysis Of Brett Ashley

Shivani Kapur Mrs. Moore AP English V 18 December 2014 The Dependence on Futility: An Analysis of Brett Ashley In The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway employs metafiction to reveal the nature of World War One and its effect on individual ideals. Narrating the novel from the first person perspective of the protagonist, Jake Barnes, Hemingway clearly contrasts between fiction and reality. Although the reader has a limited perspective on the events in the novel, the lack of emotional connection between the characters becomes evident and expresses the underlying concept behind the â€Å"lost generation.† Brett, a female character in the novel, plays a significant role due to her almost overarching presence over the men. Utilizing his iceberg theory, Hemingway gives the reader a surface view of Brett and leaves the rest up to interpretation. However, it is evident that Hemingway uses the character of Brett in order to emphasize the futile nature of the pursuits of the â€Å"lost generation.† Paradox lies at the heart of The Sun Also Rises. The novel begins with a two-part epigraph that essentially contradicts itself and the meaning of the â€Å"lost generation.† The â€Å"lost generation† characterized individuals who lived through World War One and during the time of the war spent their time working, fighting, or dying. At the conclusion of the war, these individuals returned to reality and realized that the prewar ideals they once had, including values such as love, courage, and security in one’s

Essay Enders Game Book Report - 979 Words

Born To Lead In the novel Enders Game by Orson Scott Card, the main character Ender is put up against one of the toughest challenges on his life. He becomes aware of his challenge when he becomes a little older, yet before that, little did he know that he will have to save the world. Ender in Enders Game is portrayed as a natural leader and fighter who is a killer at heart and can use his understanding of the enemy and natural skill to kill to destroy them. However, once he understands his enemy, he also feels compassion for his enemy. And because of this compassion, he hates himself for destroying his enemy. At the beginning of the story, Ender lives with one mean older sibling named Peter who always bullies him. He also lives with a†¦show more content†¦This is shown when Ender was playing a game on his computer. While he was playing the game, he kept dieing over and over again because he had no choice in the game. Nevertheless, after he got frustrated, he bore into the Giants eye in the game until it died. This shows that no matter how hard he tries he will always have the want to kill. This is shown when it said, I am a murderer even when I play, Peter would be proud of me. Not only was Ender a killer at heart, but also a natural leader in battle school. Ender started off as a launchy in battle school and got no respect. But soon, he was being promoted at an extreme rate. By the time his launchy friends became parts of armies, he was already a commander of an army. Ender was surrounded by kids twice his size since he was promoted so early. At first, it was very hard for him because he was so small. Soon though, he was at the top of the ranks with respect from all of the kids in the school, no matter how big or small. Ender learned quickly and perfectly, he could get almost anyone to follow him. Enders great leadership can be seen in this quote, The soldiers knew by now that Ender could be brutal in the way he talked to groups, but when he worked with an individual he was always patient, explaining as often as necessary, making suggestions quietly, listening to questions and problems and explanations. A final defining incident was between Ender and the Buggers. Ender was alwaysShow MoreRelatedEssay on Enders Game Book Report857 Words   |  4 PagesEnder’s Game Ender’s Game is a science fiction novel which was written by Orson Scott Card. This novel is about a brilliant military strategist, Ender Wiggin, whose story takes place in the future where there is a constant threat of an invasion from aliens who have been given the slanderous nickname, Bugger. Ender’s childhood is not an easy one considering he gets teased at school for being a â€Å"third† only to come home to an abusive brother who is always harassing Ender and his sister Valentine

Comparison of FLOSS SQL and NoSQL in Web Applications

Question: Describe about the Comparison of FLOSS SQL and NoSQL in Web Applications. Answer: Introduction In this literature review, the comparison between the database management systems that depends either on SQL or FLOSS NoSQL used in different web application is discussed. In addition to this difference of functionalities between both databases are also provided in this literature review. SQL vs. NoSQL For the different websites and its huge client base it is important to maintain distributed or relational database so that it can serve and respond to its customers faster and better. In the traditional databases mainly the schema based relational databases are used. Different web applications such as, online social networks, photo sharing, ecommerce etc. requires low-latency backend database system to store critical client data, such asaccount settings, emails, posts from the user, shopping carts, and photos (Birgen, Preisig and Morud 2014). However use of the SQL databases in the large applications creates extra overhead for the developers as this type of databases are not scalable with the demand of the users. In order to overcome this hurdles related to scalability developers tried two ways to solve it. One is application specific scalability techniques and another is to replace the traditional data base system with the NoSQL system which provides scalability by its shedding functionality. Both SQl and NoSQL database systems has their advantages and drawbacks. Therefore while choosing between the two database systems it is important for the developer to know the requirement of the application clearly. A survey on Relational Database vs. NoSQL databases: According to Mohamed, Altrafi and Ismail (2014), the evolution of the data storage is initiated by the requirement of handling a large volume of user data by the developers at backend. As the relational databases at the clusters are not able to manage the large amount data gathered at the clusters. According to the authors NoSQL is successful in todays scenario for the following features, Manages data at the clusters very well. Does not use the relational model. Open source. The popularity of the FLOSS (Free, libre, open source software) NoSQL databases are getting increased day by day since the software is developed by an informal collaborative network of programmers. In addition to this the source codes of this softwares are licensed free of cost. Consequently the source codes of the NoSQL database can be modified, improved. These improvements are helpful in better performance of database. Again, if we consider the support for the systems then it can be said that relational database are supported and backed by professional, on the contrary NoSQL databases are supported by volunteers. In contrast with the relational database, the NoSQL databases are able to scale horizontally, whereas the relational databases are scaled vertically. In case of NoSQL, consistency is weak, the last updated write to the database is visible to the other users, and source code is complex to understand and is parallelizable (Birgen, Preisig and Morud 2014). At the end it can be stated that NoSQL is not meant to be the replacement of the relational database rather functionally different alternative for the users. In addition to this the NoSQL can be thought as the aggregation of different characteristics FLOSS and relational database. On the contrary according to other authors like Atzeni et al (2013), the abuse of privileges that are provided by the FLOSS databases like NoSQL may lead to the questionable claims of copyright over the software. In addition to this, the monetary values of this softwares are not clear to the governments (Khan 2012). Therefore, it is impossible to figure out the way in which these products are going to be taxed. Comparison of NoSQL and SQL Databases in the Cloud The FLOSS NoSQL databases are now used widely for the different web applications since the throughput of relational databases is less than the NoSQL databases while processing a huge amount of data. The main emphasis of the development of NoSQL is to use the advantages of storing key values, document database and graph database. Since the RDBMS is able to manage vertical scaling (adding new hardware to existing machines). For NoSQL databases the users does not need to maintain a predefined structure or schema. On the contrary the NoSQL databases are able to manage and the handle the data that is generated by adding more number of machines to existing cluster. Therefore it is helpful for the networks where it is assumed that large number of machines can be added to the cluster to accommodate more number of users (Hammes, Medero and Mitchell, 2014). One of the examples of NoSQL data base is Mongo DB. Moreover, the object relation mapping in the databases is expensive, time consuming an d asks the developers to treat the data relationally even though it is not always needed. Relational database systems is developed using the philosophy One size fits all. According to this philosophy it is assumed that RDBMs are the generic tools that can handle all kind of data management requirements. In case of relational databases, it provides ACID transactions and is considered as necessary for each and every transaction. Practically it is seen that, for some specific web applications it is not necessary and hence it only adds extra overhead to the back end data administrators (Sharma and Dave). The NoSQL databases compromises with the consistency of data as it is intended to support the availability of the data and partition tolerance. As the relational database systems are characterized by the ACID (Atomicity, consistency, integrity and durability), similarly the NoSQL databases are characterized by BASE (Basically available, soft state, Eventual consistency). When users want to retrieve data from the database they use the complex SQL (structured query language) for the relational database (Hammes, Medero and Mitchell 2014). On the other hand to retrieve the data in NoSQL it uses much simpler query language. Conclusion From the above discussion on SQL and NoSQL it is clear that SQL data bases are best as a generic solution for the application. This idea of generic solution for every solution is criticized by different authors. The reason behind this criticism is different requirements in terms of performance, consistency and so on can be observed for different applications. Therefore, 'One Size Fits All' concept has different flaws that can affect the performance of the web applications. Hence, for different web applications most probable and secure database is NoSQL databases due to its scalability and security features. References Atzeni, P., Jensen, C.S., Orsi, G., Ram, S., Tanca, L. and Torlone, R., 2013. The relational model is dead, SQL is dead, and I don't feel so good myself.ACM SIGMOD Record,42(2), pp.64-68. Birgen, C., Preisig, H. and Morud, J., 2014. SQL vs. NoSQL. Fowler, M. and Sadalage, P.J., 2012. NoSQL distilled. Hammes, D., Medero, H. and Mitchell, H., 2014. Comparison of NoSQL and SQL Databases in the Cloud.Proceedings of the Southern Association for Information Systems (SAIS), Macon, GA, pp.21-22. Khan, M.A., 2012. SQL vs NoSQL. Lawrence, R., 2014, March. Integration and virtualization of relational SQL and NoSQL systems including MySQL and MongoDB. InComputational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), 2014 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 285-290). IEEE. Mohamed, M.A., Altrafi, O.G. and Ismail, M.O., 2014. Relational vs. NoSQL databases: A survey.International Journal of Computer and Information Technology,3(03), pp.598-601. Sharma, V. and Dave, M., 2012. SQL and NoSQL Databases.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering,2(8).

Sophies World Essay Example For Students

Sophies World Essay Sophies World Sophie’s World Looking in her mailbox one afternoon, a fourteen- year- old Norwegian schoolgirl named Sophie Amundsen finds a surprising white envelope containing a piece of paper. On it are written two questions: â€Å"Who are you?† and â€Å"Where did the world come from?†. And at the same time she is also receiving letters for a girl named Hilde Moller Kang and Sophie also finds a silk red scarf in her bedroom, not belonging to her, but to this girl Hilde. The writer is an enigmatic philosopher named Albert Knox and his messenger is his dog Hermes. Albert Knox’s two teasing questions are the beginning of an extraordinary journey through philosophy from philosophers such as what I have read so far: Thales, Anaximenes, Parmenides, Heraclitus, Empedocles, Anaxgoras, Democritus, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Albert Knox, whom Sophie has not met in person or even seen for that matter, has been inquiring Sophie’s mind to fundamental que stions that philosophers have been asking since the dawn of civilization. Sophie is soon enough enrolled in this correspondence course. Everyday she gets either a white envelope containing puzzling questions or a brown envelope containing type written papers teaching her about what philosophy is and explaining to her all these philosophers and their theories. Sophie’s first lesson in philosophy was, â€Å"What is philosophy?†. How I understood what was being said was that philosophy is the examination for beliefs and an analysis of the basic concepts said in the expression of such beliefs. Philosophy is often used to mean a set of values and attitudes toward life, nature, and society. Next Sophie learned about was Thalas. According to Thalas, the original principle of all things is water, from which everything proceeds and into which everything is again resolved. My analysis on that is how can he come to that conclusion? Yes, all living things contain water within them selves, but it seems preposterous for him to say that we evolved from water. Living things not only contain water but contain substances. The only logical conclusion that Sophie found was that water turns into ice, and ice can go back to flowing water again. Another philosopher that was discussed along with Thalas was Anaximander. Anaximander held that all things eventually return to the element from which they originated. When a plant dies it desinigrates into the ground and the ground is where the plant originated from, so I can see where Anaximender could propose that. But human beings did not originate from the ground, unless he did have religious beliefs, such that human evolved from dirt. So when he/she dies they go back to where they originated, so I could see where that concept might come into place. Although Anaximenes had a different concept. He held the concept that air is the primary element to which everything else can be reduced. To explain how solid objects are formed from air, he introduced the notions of condensation and rarefaction. These processes, he claimed, make air, in itself invisible, visible as water, fire, and solid matter. He thought that air becomes warmer and turns into fire when it rarefied and that it turns colder and turns solid when condensed. How I see it his attempt was to discover the ultimate nature of reality. On the other hand, Sophie learned about Parmenidas’s philosophy. Parmendias’s philosophy demonstrated the reality of the absolute being, the nonexistence of which Parmenidas declared to be inconceivable, but the nature of which, he admitted to be equally inconceivable, as it is dissociated from every limitation under which human beings think. How I understand it, he held the fact that reality, is not known to the senses but it is to be found only in reason. He plainly says that beings cannot rise from nonbeing, and that being neither rises nor passes away. T. Anaxagoras introduced the notion of reason. I got the impression after reading this theory that all matter had existed originally as atoms, or molecules, that these atoms, infinitely numerous and small, had existed all eternity, and that order was first produced out of this infinite chaos of atoms through the influence of intelligence. He believed that all bodies are simple aggressions of atoms. 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